Insomnia api. Continue with Enterprise SSO.

Insomnia api Type "insomnia O Insomnia é uma ferramenta para testar APIs e também possui coleções, onde os endpoints já são importados automaticamente. 6 and Insomnia versions < 2022. An insomnia plugin to sign OKX API calls. Oct 17, 2024 · With features like environment variable management, support for multiple authentication methods, and the ability to organize requests into collections, Insomnia streamlines your API development and testing workflow. default. It supports local, cloud and Git storage, collaboration features, and premium plans from Kong Inc. Aug 25, 2021 · Introducing Projects. iterationData are not supported yet. Enter your API URL and click Start. PARAMETERS: Listing of parameters that the Aug 18, 2021 · You can create YAML specs of your API here. Continue with Google. Click "Open Insomnia" and "Install". inso run collection: Run Insomnia request collection via a CLI. 3. If you plan to make this theme available via NPM, start your project name with insomnia-plugin-. Insomnia API Mocking Overview Collection Runner The Collection Runner allows you to run your collections an unlimited number of times, whether you are storing your data locally, on Git, or in the cloud. gRPC request options. 1) via a CLI. Go to Insomnia > Preferences. Insomnia's work is based on the ability to send requests to API servers, receive responses and analyze them for further use in development. 1. See full list on github. Install the insomnia-plugin-path-parameters plugin from Preferences > Plugins. If a token expires, Insomnia will automatically try to refresh it when the next request. JSON, XML, YAML, HTML + CORS A base environment is assigned to every workspace within Insomnia and can be accessed via the environment manager. default, for instance api://f0cb5560-5e2a-4b3b-88f9-8193bdd39f7a/. It supports OpenAPI specs, cloud sync, identity and access management, RBAC rules, and CI/CD automation. Other Grant Types Create API mocks intuitively using the Insomnia application with support for custom endpoints using any HTTP Archive (HAR) response object, all standard HTTP methods, and method overriding. Kong Insomnia is a solution for designing, mocking, testing, and debugging APIs with security and collaboration in mind. OAuth2認可フローを採用したAPIを検証するとき、認可コードを取得してから更にアクセストークンをもらって〜というフローがちょい面倒と感じていたのだけれども、Insomniaでシュッとできるようになっていることに気がつい Get Insomnia on Windows here. For every response, some data can be collected and added to the CSV file. Continue with GitHub. Learn how to get started, use different storage options, and access premium features and support. The Insomnia API provides developers with access to various features and functionalities to help streamline the API development process. Examples Mount git sync repo. GraphQLサポートが必要：GraphQL管理機能が強力です。 2. Note: In the tutorial, I defined a 'prod_url' variable. In this tutorial, I want to continue that conversation by diving deeper into the world of API testing. While editing the query, Insomnia will provide auto-completion and errors messages based on the API schema. inso export spec: Export the raw OpenAPI specification from the Insomnia data store Welcome to Insomnia. Para gerar uma coleção baseada na documentação do Asaas, basta seguir os seguintes passos: Insomnia sync of WebSocket requests on teams where members are using Insomnia version 2022. Feb 27, 2024 · APIの仕様を書いてしまえば実装からテストまで自動生成でき、かつその仕様作成についても補助機能を提供している、というのがInsomniaの特徴となりそう。 APIを使った実装をするなら、とりあえず使っておけレベルで便利そうだとは思う。 事前準備 Sep 28, 2023 · Introducing Insomnia AI for automatically generated API tests. There are some differences to be aware about: Top level awaits are allowed. Client Credentials - Certificate This flow permits a web service (confidential client) to use its own credentials, instead of impersonating a user, to authenticate when calling another web service. For testing GraphQL, REST, WebSockets and gRPC. It provides a sleek, intuitive interface for sending HTTP requests, managing authentication, and organizing API workflows. This section provides an overview of Insomnia’s plugins, which can be used to extend the Nov 29, 2024 · Insomnia's API documentation feature empowers developers to bridge the communication gap between API creators and consumers. Insomnia: Ideal for developing user management RESTful APIs, Insomnia simplifies creating requests for adding, updating, and deleting users. In the previous tutorial, I taught you about JSON files and APIs. API Mocking Insomnia API Mocking Overview Introduction to Plugins. With Cloud, Local and Git storage. If your team or Individual setup is using Insomnia Sync to sync WebSocket requests, please ensure that all devices associated are on Insomnia 2022. inso lint spec: Lint an OpenAPI specification (the latest version supports OpenAPI 3. This is a plugin for the Insomnia REST client to decode the Header or Payload part of a JWT (JSON WebToken), return the value of a claim in that part and use it as a dynamic variable. Oct 18, 2019 · Once you're more familiar with the functionality of your API, go ahead and open up Insomnia. This option is recommended, as it will enable automatic app updates. Key features of Insomnia include: Support for RESTful APIs, GraphQL, and gRPC When using this flow, the Scopes field must be set to <app URI>/. I encourage you to repl Proxy. The following are some third-party options Welcome to Insomnia. Insomnia est un logiciel q May 8, 2023 · Insomnium is a fast local API testing tool that is privacy-focused and 100% local. Insomnia supports the Buf Schema Registry for reflection as of version 9. It will execute any requests specified and associated scripts including any after response tests. JSON, XML, YAML, HTML + CORS Inso CLI (Command Line Interface) for Insomnia is built on Node. If the API token received has an expiry, Insomnia will show it at the bottom of the Auth tab. com Insomnia is an open source desktop application that helps you design, debug, test, mock and collaborate on APIs. Starting with the release of Insomnia 9. CollectionVariables is mapped to baseEnvironment in Insomnia. Modify any gRPC request with the following options. Insomnia will automatically detect the streaming types and modify the first tab as such. spectral. Click the "Install Plugin" button. We can also run all requests in a given folder in parallel using this and share with you execution results. exe. Para gerar uma coleção baseada na documentação do Asaas, basta seguir os seguintes passos: Create complex or simple functions for your data directly in the Insomnia REST Client! This plugin is published in npm. Requirements. There are many reasons to use Insomnia, these are our top 3: It has a graphical user interface that allows for quick testing of different routes and configs. Insomnia is an open-source, cross-platform API client that simplifies the process of interacting with and testing APIs. By leveraging its functionalities, developers can craft informative and well-structured documentation, detailing API functionalities, request formats, and expected responses. 2. Uninstall on Windows To uninstall Insomnia from a Windows computer, go to the settings menu on Windows and select API Design API Mocking API Testing API Debugging Insomnia CLI Collaboration Be part of the movement and join the growing Insomnia community. 1. Pre-request scripts exported from Postman should also work when imported into Insomnia. Swaggymnia - Generate Swagger documentation for your existing API in Insomnia. The query is the only required field of a GraphQL request. 0 APIs make use of expiring tokens and/or refresh tokens. REQUESTS: API objects with content types. It has built-in support for REST Client, gRPC and GraphQL. For example, in the Pet Store API, an object is Pet and content types for that object are application/json and application/xml. Type "insomnia-plugin-utils" in the "Install Plugin" field. Insomnia automatically encodes special characters in request URLs. rest into the Insomnia app, then click Sync. It is widely used by developers and teams involved in API development to streamline the process of testing APIs. To begin, navigate to the Insomnia AI Runner platform: Visit ai. The Windows application is a generic installer . Insomnia is a popular tool for designing, testing, and sharing APIs. Nov 11, 2020 · Introducing Insomnia Designer. Note: GraphQL queries cannot include Insomnia templating but variables can. Date Add is an Insomnia plugin that allows you to take the current date, add days/months/years, and output in a specific format. The inso run collection command is used to manually run collections to test the functionality of your API. This means you don’t have to write any finicky cURL requests or backend code to quickly retrieve information, push content to a database, and do anything else a given API enables you to do. API mocks are useful for simulating an API endpoint. - Releases · Kong/insomnia Dec 18, 2024 · Insomnia：APIドキュメントの生成・共有が可能ですが、コードベースと同期するには手動作業が必要な場合があります。 Insomniaを選ぶべき場合. For example, when building a front end while the backend API is under construction and unstable, Insomnia allows us to customize responses from a set of API paths to simulate a static API. It’s ideal for testing, debugging, or learning purposes. If you still see the option to manually paste in your GitLab authentication code, copy it from app. 0, we’re introducing a new AI capability to automatically generate API tests. The open-source, cross-platform API client for GraphQL, REST, WebSockets, SSE and gRPC. You can also trigger a refresh manually from the Auth tab. (Custom Lint Ruleset support is in progress). Endpoints Get Workspace. Insomnia is a cross-platform tool for testing, designing and debugging APIs using GraphQL, REST, WebSockets, SSE and gRPC. 0 Insomnia Whitelisting Guide for Enterprise Users Transfer enterprise organizations and license Multiple Owners Manage Domains Insomnia Scratch Pad Tutorial Introduction. This mocked URL can then replace our front-end API backend URL. SOAP (simple object access protocol) is an XML-based protocol used to communicate structured data. To sum it up, using Insomnia translates to increased efficiency, improved collaboration, and a streamlined development process when working with web APIs. Insomnia now supports Projects: a new tool within Insomnia for you to organize your work. globals and iteration data insomnia. Insomnia is a software for building, testing and debugging APIs with REST, GraphQL, GRPC and OpenAPI support. Im definitely switching to bruno now as it has the same aesthetic but no login required Tired of copying API requests from text file to terminal? Insomnia lets you manage requests in a simple and elegant way, by providing the following core features: - query string param builder - organize requests in workspaces and groups - execute requests in one click - reusable snippets - Swig templating - JSON validation - syntax highlighting Insomnia is very strict about self-signed certificates. You can use Insomnia without an account with the local Scratch Pad, or you can create an account for free to get access to the full capabilities Article https://grafikart. Insomnia is an open source tool that helps you design, debug, test, and mock APIs locally, on Git, or cloud. The main functions and features of Insomnia: inso run collection. 0 Integrating Insomnia Enterprise with Microsoft Azure/Entra ID SAML 2. Kubernetes. Find out how to get started, import collections, set up local environment, collaborate with team, and more. Installation Via the Plugin Hub Website. Create a new project for your theme. Go to Application > Preferences > Plugins. Jul 10, 2021 · Insomnia is a lightweight alternative to Postman that brings lots of features. Create a code snippet via the Generate Code option on an individual request. Many users of Insomnia aren't aware of its secret menu: plugins. This is a plugin for Insomnia API client that can validate the response based upon expected result for collection requests. Jul 16, 2019 · APIサーバの開発時にブラウザやコマンドを使って毎回動作確認したりデバッグしたりするのは大変だと思います。そこで便利なのがAPIサーバにHTTPリクエストを送ってそのレスポンス内容を確認できるAPIクライントです。この記事では、機能も充実していて、UIも綺麗なInsomniaの簡単な使い方を Insomnia API Mocking Overview. Step 3: Make your 1st HTTP GET Request w/ Insomnia Once the app is open, you'll see a mostly "blank" workspace. Auto-encoding can cause issues for some users Nếu Insomnia mà kết hợp với 1 số tính năng của Postman khi nó tiếp tục phát triển và hoàn thiện thì không có lí do gì mà nó không thể trở thành đối thủ cạnh tranh lớn của Postman trong thế giới kiểm thử API. crt) file with the following order: Dec 11, 2017 · API Design API Mocking API Testing API Debugging Insomnia CLI Collaboration Local, Git, Create a custom timestamp in insomnia rest client. In October, we announced that we welcomed Insomnia to the team at Kong as the next step in our journey to build the service control platform for the future. See the following sections for some examples. The Optional Modifier argument can take a string, or list of items, or a JSON encoded object as arguments. API Debugging and Testing. Welcome to Insomnia. 0; 46; Sleep before making a request joaofernandezorg. To send a SOAP request from Insomnia, select the XML body type and setting the Content-Type header to text/xml. This is super handy for testing and debugging. Queries can include arguments, comments, fragment, as well as any other valid query constructs. Getting Started with Insomnia. Feb 17, 2022 · Insomnia is a fast and lightweight open source desktop application that doubles as a tool for API design and testing and as an API client for making HTTP requests. Insomnia is an open-source, cross-platform API client for GraphQL, REST, WebSockets, Server-sent events (SSE), gRPC and any other HTTP compatible protocol. The Batch Requests plugin for Insomnia adds the ability to send a request repeatedly, changing parts of every request by variable data, taken from a CSV file. This plugin uses the momentjs library for manipulating the dates. Insomniaは次のようなケースに最適です： 1. GitHub API Spec Importer - A complete set of GitHub REST API route specifications that can be imported straight into Insomnia. Hooks and actions allow you to add additional functionality to your custom plugins through requests, responses, and If a team is using mixed versions of Insomnia, and one version supports a type of request (such as gRPC or WebSockets) that another version doesn’t, then syncing that request type to a synced Collection/Design Document with Insomnia Cloud may cause the request to be silently deleted when the collection/Design document is pulled and updated by Dec 19, 2022 · この記事は🎄GMOペパボエンジニア Advent Calendar 202225日目の記事です。. Download Insomnia for Windows, MacOS, Ubuntu or see all downloads and features. Jan 27, 2023 · APIのテストツールのInsomniaで、ログインしてトークンを取ってからリクエストさせるようにさせます。 Insomniaを始めとしたテストツールでは環境変数にログイン情報やAPIキーを入れておくことで、認証付きのリクエストも送ることができます。 API Overview. I had a similar issue on a Windows environment with Insomnia version 2022. Getting Started with Insomnia AI Runner. The BSR doesn’t require your gRPC servers to expose any reflection endpoints, it’s all managed for you externally. My solution was to add the intermediate and root certificates as well to the client certificate (. With Kong Insomnia 8. Oct 9, 2017 · API Design API Mocking API Testing API Debugging Insomnia CLI Collaboration Local, Git, Generate a random number for Insomnia REST Client. we officially support microk8s, but; if you have docker desktop, you also have k8s! Insomnia can generate code for over twelve different languages. Global search When working across several different projects and organizations, it can be challenging to search for what you're looking for. Also, discover EchoAPI, a superior alternative to Insomnia that supports API design, debugging, automated testing, and load testing. If you already have an Insomnia account, click on Log In and enter your credentials. The Scratch Pad feature in Insomnia is a powerful tool for quickly experimenting with API requests without requiring a User account and/or affecting your account’s existing Local/Cloud projects or workspaces. Continue with Email. Please note that the Insomnia service may provide you the ability to develop tests for your API design specifications, as well as other Nov 5, 2024 · API開発の世界では、デバッグ、テスト、ドキュメント生成のための強力なツールが不可欠です。EchoAPIとInsomniaは、この分野で広く利用されているツールであり、それぞれに独自の機能と特長があります。本記事では、両ツールの機能と利点を比較し、実際の使用例を交えながら、どちらを選ぶ Some OAuth 2. Note: To get started with some live examples, see our built-in insomnia-plugin-themes module. Open Insomnia. Insomnia, a 2015 poetry collection by Linda Pastan; Insomnia (comics), Insomnia, an open-source API design and testing platform owned by Kong Inc. Insomnia is an API client that enables you to send API requests outside of your terminal, and without writing any code. API Mocking Insomnia API Mocking Overview Stress Testing. Install insomnia-plugin-response-validator plugin from Preferences > Plugins. Response and Request Tags Response and request tags enable you to reference values between and from responses and requests. Go to "Plugins" tab. Think of it almost like bookmarking your favorite web pages, except here you're saving API calls. Installation. 0, the concept of after-response scripts Learn How to Use Insomnia in About 10 minutes. Click "Install Plugin". Return to the Insomnia app and wait for sync to finish. Continue with Enterprise SSO. Projects are a grouping of API Collections and Design Documents that you can create locally or remotely to share with your teams. It supports multiple protocols, automation, plugins, and integration with Kong API Gateway and other platforms. Keduanya dapat digunakan sesuai dengan preference masing-masing orang. Nov 8, 2024 · Insomnia is a cross—platform application designed to create and test HTTP requests. To access the Generate Code option, click on Generate Code from an individual request dropdown menu. Usage Jul 5, 2023 · API Design API Mocking API Testing API Debugging Insomnia CLI Collaboration Local, Git, Cloud Storage Enterprise Features Resources Sign in Documentation Support Download Integrating Insomnia Enterprise with Okta SAML 2. 0. Delicious. Insomnia Cookies specializes in delivering warm, delicious cookies right to your door - daily until 3 AM. By simply uploading an OpenAPI specification, you can now save up to 50% more development time when creating new APIs, while simultaneously improving API reliability. Inso CLI is open source on GitHub. You’ll need to configure an API Token and your BSR module path to get started. This is a plugin for Insomnia that automatically replaces URL path parameters with syntax :myParam with values defined in the Query tab by the same name. Follow these steps to get up and running with Insomnia: Un petit tutoriel qui explique rapidement l'utilisation du logiciel Insomnia (alternative à Postman, beaucoup plus léger et sympa). What is Insomnia? Insomnia is a cross-platform desktop application designed primarily for developers and API testers. Oct 17, 2024 · Learn how to create, send, and analyze HTTP requests and responses with Insomnia, a powerful HTTP client for API development and testing. Insomnia API Mocking Overview Hooks and Actions. Once you’ve added your custom plugin to your Insomnia application, the template tag will show up exactly as if it were a native Insomnia tag. API Design API Mocking API Testing API Debugging Insomnia CLI Collaboration Local, Git, Run in Insomnia. Oct 7, 2024 · An Insomnia plugin that adds a tag for accessing the OAuth2 token of one request in other requests. I hope you found this to be a useful introduction to Insomnia. Set your HTTP, HTTPS, SOCKS4 or SOCKS5 proxy server and reroute all future requests through that server by accessing Preferences via the cog icon > General > HTTP Network Proxy. Its environment variable feature allows quick switching between development, test, and Oct 2, 2022 · Insomnia dan Postman sama-sama merupakan Rest API Testing tools yang cocok digunakan untuk testing API. Insomniaでは「Request Collection」毎にAPIリクエストとレスポンスをまとめることができます。 以下は作成済みの「Request Collection」等が表示されるDashboardの画面です。 Oct 7, 2024 · An Insomnia plugin that adds a tag for accessing the OAuth2 token of one request in other requests. 0 and later. Nov 29, 2024 · Insomnia equips developers with a comprehensive toolkit for crafting well-defined HTTP requests, understanding API responses, managing different API environments, and automating repetitive tasks. Insomnia provides tools for testing and managing APIs. A proxy can be set up manually. 6. insomnia. It also offers a user-friendly interface and a range of integrations with other tools and services. Global environment insomnia. yaml custom linting definition, please follow Spectral’s Documentation Insomnia is an easy to use REST API client useful for designing and debugging API's. But i hate it that now you must login in order for it to be of any use. Apr 24, 2024 · API mocks can be seamlessly hosted in the cloud by Insomnia for ease of sharing and collaboration, or they can run on a self-hosted mock server locally for full control. Note: At this time, Inso CLI only works with Design Documents, and not Request Collections. 35,552; Features An Insomnia plugin to retrieve aws credentials from file for use with IAM authentication Add your directory or upload your Proto File. The free version offers basic tools for individual projects, while the paid version enhances collaboration with advanced features, strong security options, and dedicated support. Double click the installer file to install Insomnia in your existing filesystem. Retrieve information about a workspace. It allows you to use Insomnia application functionality in your terminal and CI/CD environments for automation. gabb1995 Insomnia Documenter - Generate beautiful API documentation pages using the documenter plugin or your Insomnia export file. Oct 30, 2024 · Let's compare the main features of EchoAPI and Insomnia, using practical examples: 1. Nov 29, 2024 · Insomnia is another popular API testing tool that offers many similar features to Postman, including the ability to create and manage API requests, write and run automated tests, and collaborate with team members. Type "insomnia Insomnia API Mocking Overview Cookie Management Insomnia automatically stores cookies from every response and sends them with requests when needed (just like a web browser would). See the gRPC request Integrating Insomnia Enterprise with Okta SAML 2. Wow i use insomnia because of looks and it being the first ever rest api client i used. 6 will result in the loss of synced WebSocket requests. Variables in the base environment are available throughout the entire workspace, even if other environments are defined. Execute unit tests written in Insomnia via a CLI. Aug 28, 2024 · api, development, insomnia; Setting up Insomnia for API Development # Insomnia is a popular API development tool that allows you to create, test, and document APIs efficiently. Here's a small example using the Swagger Petstore API from the documentation: Conclusion Insomnia gives you all the tools you need to rapidly test and build APIs. Insomnia combina una interfaz fácil de usar con funciones avanzadas como asistentes de autenticación, generación de código y variables de entorno. It supports working with REST, GraphQL and other API types. All of that is just what you get out of the box. js and the Insomnia core libraries. O Insomnia é uma ferramenta para testar APIs e também possui coleções, onde os endpoints já são importados automaticamente. . ly/GrafikartSubscribeDans ce tutoriel je vous propose de découvrir Dec 10, 2019 · Insomnia is an open source GraphQL and REST client aimed at making testing and debugging APIs easier. 0 Insomnia Whitelisting Guide for Enterprise Users Transfer enterprise organizations and license Multiple Owners Manage Domains Limitations: Be sure to reference the Faker API docs to determine what type of arguments should be passed to the Optional Modifier argument. See gRPC Request Options to customize your request. Author. You might be prompted to manually add your GitLab authentication to the Insomnia app. API Mocking Insomnia API Mocking Overview Encoding. In this post, we'll walk through the process of setting up Insomnia for API development, with a focus on practical examples. Creating a New Request # Warm. You can now clone any repository from GitLab! Dec 13, 2024 · Insomnia Documenter - Generate beautiful API documentation pages using the documenter plugin or your Insomnia export file. How to Build a Custom Theme. Oct 15, 2024 · Insomnia is a slick, lightweight API client that lets you create or import collections of API requests and responses. This is a fork of Kong/insomnia - ArchGPT/insomnium Mar 24, 2023 · Insomnia es una aplicación de escritorio multiplataforma gratuita que simplifica la interacción y el diseño de API basadas en HTTP. 35,552; Features SOAP Requests. fr/tutoriels/insomnia-api-http-2093Abonnez-vous https://bit. Delivered. It has been an indispensable tool for me, and I hope it can be for you as well! Dec 27, 2024 · まず、InsomniaはRESTful APIリクエストを簡単に行える機能を持ち、多様なオプション設定が可能で、初心者にも適しています。 直感的なインターフェースと柔軟な設定により、HTTPリクエストの処理が強化されています。 Jul 2, 2024 · Insomnia simplifies API testing and debugging tasks by integrating with Git for version control and allowing easy handling of API keys. Homebrew’s package index Project data are your API design specifications, collections, tests and other files that you choose to share with others in your organization through Insomnia’s hosted data synchronization service. Easily log API requests and responses to your own security data lake. To run Insomnia specs in kong/inso container, mount the specs folder on your host machine to a /var/temp folder in the container. Learn how to use Insomnia, a tool for designing, testing and documenting APIs, with this comprehensive guide. Insomnia does not have a built-in capability for stress testing. What is Insomnia for API Testing? Insomnia API Tool is a leading Open Source API Development Platform for HTTP, REST, GraphQL, gRPC, SOAP, and WebSockets. Or, Jun 4, 2024 · API Design API Mocking API Testing API Debugging Insomnia CLI Collaboration Local, Git, Cloud Storage Enterprise Features Resources Sign in Documentation Support Download All paths available for the API, with request types listed. Mount an Insomnia git sync repository folder to a folder in the container: In Insomnia, we support spectral extensions of custom linting rules, including using remote urls or NPM modules to extend linting definitions. Find the plugin on the Plugin Hub. Don't have Insomnia? Download for Windows. rest to access the Insomnia AI Runner. Usage Make a custom Insomnia theme by creating an Insomnia plugin. If you are new to Insomnia, click on Sign Up to create a free account. In order to extend the . Insomnia Designer a new open-source desktop application that provides a modern workflow for teams to design and collaborate on APIs. Response Flexible, clear pricing for modern API development and API design of any scale. If you're a software developer, there's a good chance you interact with APIs almost every day. How Does Insomnia Work API? 要創建文檔，您將使用Insomnia，這是一個免費的開源應用程序，可以讓您測試API並使用實時並排預覽設計文檔。 Insomnia不支持JSON，但它確實可以輕鬆地編寫YAML。 YAML是API文檔的良好選擇，因為這些文檔可能會變得非常龐大，而JSON文檔會變得雜亂且難以閱讀。 Create API mocks intuitively using the Insomnia application with support for custom endpoints using any HTTP Archive (HAR) response object, all standard HTTP methods, and method overriding. See also API Mocking Insomnia API Mocking Overview Insomnia After-Response Script Overview. From the Plugins Tab. Insomnia does not automatically detect system-wide proxy settings. Available in Insomnia version 9. RESPONSES: Listing of structured, expected responses for each request. tuiw xtmse dgpj hyth jydf tar qkevt nvgvs fjlrs fzcfpkny vzhcsw ccx hjxzyg owzxia kxpuho